In the syntheses of aromatic esters and ethers, CsF-Celite has been found to be a very efficient, convenient and practical reagent. In fact, it is used for the coupling reactions of a number of aromatic and heteroaromatic phenols with alkyl, acyl or benzoyl halides.

Many other organic reactions have recently been catalyzed by CsF-Celite, such as the reactions to synthesize carboxylic esters, γ-lactones, N-alkylation of anilines, or carboxamides.

There are four types of reactions:

Substitution Reactions

The reactions in which an atom or group of atoms in a molecule is replaced or substituted by different atoms or group of atoms are called substitution reaction. For example,

These reactions can be of two types:

Nucleophilic Substitution

In this type of substitution, atom or group of atoms in the molecule is replaced by a nucleophile. These can be either S_N1 (substitution, nucleophilic, unimolecular) or S_N2 (substitution, nucleophilic, bimolecular) type.
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