Covalent Bonding Orbitals

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,

      • s orbital + p orbital ---> two “sp” hybrid orbitals
        Be in BeF2

        2s 2px 2py 2pz
      • s orbital + two p orbitals ---> three “sp2” hybrid orbitals
        B in BF3

        2s 2px 2py 2pz
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There are several methods of defining . While these definitions don’t contradict each other, they do vary in how inclusive they are. , , and Justus Liebig also made observations regarding acids and bases, but didn’t formalize definitions.
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