Alkenes are named as if they were alkanes, but the “-ane” suffix is changed to “-ene”. If the alkene contains only one double bond and that double bond is terminal (the double bond is at one end of the molecule or another) then it is not necessary to place any number in front of the name.
butane: C4H10 (CH3CH2CH2CH3)
butene: C4H8 (CH2=CHCH2CH3)
If the double bond is not terminal (if it is on a carbon somewhere in the center of the chain) then the carbons should be numbered in such a way as to give the first of the two double-bonded carbons the lowest possible number, and that number should precede the “ene” suffix with a dash, as shown below.
correct: pent-2-ene (CH3CH=CHCH2CH3)
incorrect: pent-3-ene (CH3CH2CH=CHCH3)
The second one is incorrect because flipping the formula horizontally results in a lower number for the alkene.
If there is more than one double bond in an alkene, all of the bonds should be numbered in the name of the molecule – even terminal double bonds. The numbers should go from lowest to highest, and be separated from one another by a comma. The IUPAC numerical prefixes are used to indicate the number of double bonds.
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Organic molecules contain carbon
Alcohol
hydrocarbon with a hydrogen replaced by “OH”.
Acid
hydrocarbon with a hydrogen replaced by a carboxyl “COOH”.
COOH -> COO- + H+
Amine
hydrocarbon with a hydrogen replaced by an amine “NH2″. Basic- accepts protons. NH2 + H+ -> NH3+
Phosphate
addition of -PO4= (switch)
Amino Acid
hydrocarbon with amino and carboxyl groups
The name organic chemistry came from the word organism. Prior to 1828, all organic compounds had been obtained from organisms or their remains. The scientific philosophy back then was that the synthesis of organic compounds could only be produced within living matter while inorganic compounds were synthesized from non-living matter. A theory known as “Vitalism” stated that a “vital force” from living organisms was necessary to make an organic compound. 1828, a German chemist Friedrich Wöhler (1800-1882) amazed the sience community by using the inorganic compound ammonium cyanate, NH4OCN to synthesize urea, H2NCONH2, an organic substance found in the urine of many animals. This led to the disappearance of the “Vitalism” theory.
