At the moment "Biochemistry" Category are viewing the articles.

Glycolysis Reactions

Written by 631 days ago
Comment

Glycolysis

  • Glycolysis, the one metabolic pathway found in all living organisms, occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell and does not require oxygen to take place. Each of the 10 steps of glycolysis is catalyzed by an enzyme specific to that reaction. Initially two molecules of ATP, the cellular energy currency, are used to activate a molecule of glucose for glycolysis, but the entire process results in a net gain of two ATP molecules. The biochemical pathways of glycolysis also lead to the reduction of two molecules of NAD+ resulting in two molecules of NADH, which can be used to create ATP in later steps of cellular respiration.

    • Read More

    DNA Double Helix

    Written by 631 days ago
    Comment

    DNA Double Helix: A Recent Discovery of Enormous Complexity
    The DNA Double Helix is one of the greatest scientific discoveries of all time. First described by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, DNA is the famous molecule of genetics that establishes each organism’s physical characteristics. It wasn’t until mid-2001, that the Human Genome Project and Celera Genomics jointly presented the true nature and complexity of the digital code inherent in DNA. We now understand that each human DNA molecule is comprised of chemical bases arranged in approximately 3 billion precise sequences. Even the DNA molecule for the single-celled bacterium, E. coli, contains enough information to fill all the books in any of the world’s largest libraries.
    Read More

    Meet the chickens – sister chromatid labelling

    Written by 632 days ago
    Comment

    welcome again in Meet the chickens section. Today a specific labelling of chromosomes (actually sister chromatids) will be presented.

    As you probably remember from previous post (Meet the chickens – chook chromosomes at hand), there is a way to examine karyotype (set of chromosomes) of chicken DT40 cell line (or any other cell line:). In this post we will combine this technique with a labelling procedure. This protocol will give us oportunity to see differential staining of sister chromatids.

    Ok lets go.

    In this protocol a nucleotide derivative, called BrdU (5-bromo deoxyuridine) is used to labell DNA for two cell cycles (see the picture below).


    Read More

    Flow Cytometry

    Written by 632 days ago
    Comment

    Method: Flow cytometry

    About: simply saying flow cytometry is a technique where properties of microscopic particles (such as cells or chromosomes) is examined. Flow cytometry is a very powerful method because it can measure many particles in the same time (up to thousands). Additionally, flow cytometry analysis is multiparametric, so different properties of particles can be measured at once.

    What: Analysis of cell cycles distribution in different populations of cells.

    How: By flow cytometry.

    Ok, so let’s start with some short background on how the flow cytometer looks like (see picture below)
    Read More

    Page 4 of 41234